The Greater Flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus) exhibits diverse migratory behaviors across its range, particularly in the Middle East. While some populations are largely sedentary, others undertake significant seasonal movements influenced by environmental conditions and resource availability.
Migration Patterns:
Middle East to Central Asia: Satellite tracking has documented individual Greater Flamingos migrating from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to regions as far as Turkmenistan. For instance, a flamingo named "Sinbad" traveled over 4,000 kilometers, crossing Iran and Azerbaijan before reaching Kazakhstan and eventually settling in coastal Turkmenistan.
Wintering in the Arabian Peninsula: During the winter months, thousands of Greater Flamingos migrate to the coasts of Saudi Arabia, including the Farasan Islands, from their breeding grounds in Africa and southern Europe.
Passage Through Qatar: Each year, hundreds of Greater Flamingos pass through Qatar during their annual migration from Europe and Siberia to Africa, typically observed between November and April.
Breeding and Resident Populations:
Breeding Sites: The Greater Flamingo breeds in scattered locations across the Mediterranean, Central Asia, and the Middle East, extending to India and parts of Africa.
Resident Populations: While many Greater Flamingos migrate, some populations, especially in regions with favorable conditions, remain resident year-round. These birds continually seek areas with adequate resources, particularly during the breeding season.
