The Sand Martin is a small, active passage migrant recorded in Qatar throughout the year, though primarily during spring and autumn migrations. Known for its rapid flight and chattering call, it is often seen in flocks flying over water or perched on wires. Habitat & Behavior Preferred Habitats: Commonly found over farmlands, lagoons, and other open water bodies. Behavior: Hunts insects in flight, frequently changing direction and speed. Often observed resting on telegraph wires, making identification easier. Frequently seen in medium to large flocks, often alongside other hirundines like the Barn Swallow. Appearance & Physical Characteristics Plumage: Brown upperparts with white underparts. A distinctive sandy brown breast band that bisects the white underparts, aiding in identification. Tail: Short V-shaped tail, less pronounced than that of the Barn Swallow. Comparison: Plainer and smaller than the Barn Swallow. Easily distinguished from the House Martin, which is black and white. Call The Sand Martin produces a soft, rasping chattering call that is frequently heard while it flies in flocks or hunts insects mid-air. Size and Comparison One of the smallest hirundines, smaller and less conspicuous than the Barn Swallow. The sandy breast band and shorter tail set it apart from similar species. Seasonal Presence Spring Migration: Commonly observed between March and May, with peak sightings in May. Autumn Migration: Seen again from August to October as it moves southward. Other Observations: Recorded in various months, indicating occasional presence outside peak migration seasons. The Sand Martin’s distinctive sandy breast band, rapid flight, and social behavior make it a fascinating bird to observe during its passage through Qatar.